Wheat

FFI’s calculations show that the amount of wheat flour globally available for human consumption in 2025 increased by approximately 1%, while the proportion of wheat flour that is industrially milled remained static. However, there was an increase in the proportion of industrially milled wheat flour that is fortified (1.1%). Overall, the percentage of industrially milled wheat flour that is fortified increased from 30.5% to 31.6%.

When only considering countries that FFI categorizes as good opportunities for fortification, the percentage of industrially milled wheat flour that is fortified also increased, from 30.7% to 31.9%. This increase is partly attributable to the launch of Ethiopia’s wheat flour fortification program. Additionally, the World Food Programme began supporting the production of fortified wheat flour through Egypt’s government-subsidized bread program in 13 governorates in 2025. An FFI supply chain assessment in 2022 estimated that 59% of the country’s flour supply is distributed through the subsidized bread program. Based on these two pieces of information, we estimate that approximately 28% of wheat flour is fortified in Egypt.