Portugal

Source: Population figures from the United Nations Population Division.

Grain Production, Imports, Exports, and Availability

All figures (except the amount available in food supply for consumption) are expressed in metric tons. Amount of flour or rice available in food supply is expressed in grams/person/day. 

Source: FAOSTAT, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations. For details, see our “How We Get Our Data” page.

Legislation, Milling Industry, and Fortification

Industrial wheat and maize flour mill: capacity to mill more than 20 metric tons/day

Industrial rice mill: capacity to mill at least 5 metric tons/hour of paddy rice

Source: FFI database.

• Note: Estimates may differ from Global Fortification Data Exchange estimates as FFI assumes imported flour/rice is industrially milled. FFI includes imported flour/rice into the total percentage of flour/rice produced in industrial mills and percentage of industrially milled flour/rice that is fortified.

Nutrients Added Through Fortification

All nutrient amounts are expressed in parts per million.

Source: FFI database.

Prevalence of Neural Tube Defects, Anemia, and Inadequate Zinc Intake

[1] Source: Hannah Blencowe, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine. Personal communication. United Kingdom. 2015.

• Note: This figure may not include pregnancy loss or terminations of pregnancies due to prenatal diagnosis of a neural tube defect. With all folic acid interventions in place, the birth prevalence of neural tube defects would be about 6 per 10,000.

[2] Source: World Health Organization. The global prevalence of anemia in 2011. Switzerland. 2015.

• Note: Anemia can be caused by many things. Fortifying flour and rice can reduce the risk of anemia caused by nutritional deficiencies. The classification of anemia as a public health problem, according to the World Health Organization is:

  • ≤4.9% No public health problem

  • 5.0-19.9% Mild public health problem

  • 20.0-39.9% Moderate public health problem

  • ≥40.0% Severe public health problem

[3] Source: World Health Organization. The global prevalence of anemia in 2011. Switzerland. 2015.

• Note: Preschool children are usually defined as ages 6-59 months.

[4] Source: Wessells KR, Brown KH. Estimating the global prevalence of zinc deficiency: results based on zinc availability in national food supplies and the prevalence of stunting. United States of America. 2012.

• Note: Zinc is needed for optimal child health and physical growth and normal pregnancy outcomes. If the probability of inadequate zinc intake is greater than 25%, it is considered an elevated public health concern, according to Conclusions of the Joint WHO/UNICEF/IAEA/IZiNCG Interagency Meeting on Zinc Status Indicators.

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